Madrid
Spain
40.47 ° N
3.55 ° W
1909 ft
Warm temperate thorn steppe
BSk Cold semi-arid climate
+
DOak Temperate oceanic climate with hot summer with cool winter
Traditional Koppen classification: BSk (Cold semi-arid climate)

Official definition:
  • B – 70 % or more of the total annual rainfall is during the summer half of the year and r (r = average total annual precipitation in mm) is less than 20t + 280 (t = average annual temperature in °C), or 70 % or more of total annual precipitation is during the winter half of the year and r is less than 20t, or no half of the year has less than 70 % of total annual rainfall and r less than 20t + 140. Summer half of the year in the Northern hemisphere is from April to September, on the Southern hemisphere from October to March.
  • S – r is less than the upper limit of B type classification parameter
  • k - t is less than 18 °C

Cold semi-arid climate is most commonly found in the temperate zone inland, relatively far from the ocean. Although the summers are warm, they are substantially colder than in the case of the hot semi-arid climate type (BSh). The difference can be seen particularly during the winter, when temperatures can drop quite low. The daily temperature amplitude is quite high and the differences between day and night can be more than 20 °C.

Regions with this type of climate, which are at higher altitudes tend to have drier winters and wetter summers, while for areas at lower elevation, it is the opposite – drier summers and wetter winters.

Most often one can see this climate type in Asia and North America, but it also includes for example some regions in Spain, parts of South America, Southern Australia and New Zealand.


Modern Trewartha classification: DOak (Temperate oceanic climate with hot summer with cool winter)

In the Trewartha classification, the category D is like in the Koppen classification, assigned to regions in the temperate zone. The criterion for this type of climate is four to seven months with average temperature of more than 10 °C. In general it is further subdivided into two subtypes: oceanic and continental. These differ in their average temperature of the coldest month.

Temperate climate is characterized by four distinct seasons and there are substantial differences between the temperatures in the summer and in the winter, but the absolute values are not so extreme and the change is gradual.

In case of the oceanic type, winter is milder than that of the continental type and the temperature of the coldest month usually above 0 °C. The weather conditions are to a large extent influenced by the nearby ocean, which causes smaller temperature variation between the individual seasons. Typical is Western wind and so we often find this type of climate on Western coasts of continents, such as for example in Western Europe or Western coast of the U.S., in latitudes between 40 and 60 ° in America and 40 and 65 ° in Europe. These regions tend to be densely inhabited.

  • hot summer: warmest month with average temperature between 23 and 28 °C
  • cool winter: coldest month with average temperature between 0 and 10 °C

Summary

57 °F
44 / 69
16.3 in
84 days
62 %
7 h 58 min/day


Temperature
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Min Temperature(°F) 32.034.037.039.046.054.059.059.054.046.037.034.0 44.0
Avg Temperature(°F) 42.045.049.053.060.069.076.075.069.058.048.043.0 57.0
Max Temperature (°F) 50.052.061.066.073.082.091.088.081.068.057.052.0 69.0
Range 18.018.024.027.027.028.032.029.027.022.020.018.0 25.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Min Temperature Jul, Aug Jan 27.0°F
Avg Temperature Jul Jan 34.0°F
Max Temperature Jul Jan 41.0°F
Temperature range Jul Jan, Feb, Dec 59.0°F
Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Min Temperature(°F)
Avg Temperature(°F)
Max Temperature(°F)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Min Temperature 46.0 37.0 40.67 9.0 59.0 54.0 57.33 5.0 54.0 37.0 45.67 17.0 34.0 32.0 33.33 2.0
Avg Temperature 60.0 49.0 54.00 11.0 76.0 69.0 73.33 7.0 69.0 48.0 58.33 21.0 45.0 42.0 43.33 3.0
Max Temperature 73.0 61.0 66.67 12.0 91.0 82.0 87.00 9.0 81.0 57.0 68.67 24.0 52.0 50.0 51.33 2.0

Temperature
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Temperature (°F) 42.045.049.053.060.069.076.075.069.058.048.043.0 57.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Avg Temperature Jul Jan 34.0°F
Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Temperature (°F)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Avg Temperature 60.0 49.0 54.00 11.0 76.0 69.0 73.33 7.0 69.0 48.0 58.33 21.0 45.0 42.0 43.33 3.0


Humidity
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Humidity (%) 77.069.065.058.057.051.042.044.056.068.075.079.0 57.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Avg Humidity Dec Jul 37.0%
Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Humidity (%)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Avg Humidity 65.0 57.0 60.00 8.0 51.0 42.0 45.67 9.0 75.0 56.0 66.33 19.0 79.0 69.0 75.00 10.0


Precipitation
+

Month Monthly average Annual total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in) 1.71.81.21.81.51.00.40.41.11.52.31.7 1.4 16.3
Wetdays 7610996236899 7 84
Wetdays ratio (%) 22.6
7,24		21.4
6,22		32.3
10,21		30.0
9,21		29.0
9,22		20.0
6,24		6.5
2,29		9.7
3,28		20.0
6,24		25.8
8,23		30.0
9,21		29.0
9,22		 23.0
23.0137,76.9863


Max month Min month Max Season Min Season Annual range
Average monthly precipitation Nov Jul, Aug Winter Summer 2.0in
Wetdays Mar Jul Autumn Summer 8
Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in)
Wetdays / month


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total
Average monthly precipitation (in) 1.8 1.2 0.6 4.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.7 2.3 1.1 1.2 4.9 1.8 1.7 0.1 5.2
Wetdays 10 9 1 28 6 2 4 11 58 6 52 112 9 6 3 22

Precipitation
+

Month Monthly average Annual total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in) 1.71.81.21.81.51.00.40.41.11.52.31.7 1.4 16.3


Max month Min month Max Season Min Season Annual range
Average monthly precipitation Nov Jul, Aug Winter Summer 2.0in
Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total
Average monthly precipitation (in) 1.8 1.2 0.6 4.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.7 2.3 1.1 1.2 4.9 1.8 1.7 0.1 5.2


Sunlight / Day length
+

Max day length Min day length Sunlight/Day length
Jan 303 min
5 h 3 min 		578 min
9 h 38 min
578,862 		604 min
10 h 4 min
(31.1.)
604,836 		559 min
9 h 19 min
(1.1.)
559,881 		52.4 %
303,275
Feb 382 min
6 h 22 min 		640 min
10 h 40 min
640,800 		675 min
11 h 15 min
(29.2.)
675,765 		606 min
10 h 6 min
(1.2.)
606,834 		59.7 %
382,258
Mar 418 min
6 h 58 min 		718 min
11 h 58 min
718,722 		758 min
12 h 38 min
(31.3.)
758,682 		678 min
11 h 18 min
(1.3.)
678,762 		58.2 %
418,300
Apr 514 min
8 h 34 min 		799 min
13 h 19 min
799,641 		834 min
13 h 54 min
(30.4.)
834,606 		761 min
12 h 41 min
(1.4.)
761,679 		64.4 %
514,285
May 563 min
9 h 23 min 		866 min
14 h 26 min
866,574 		891 min
14 h 51 min
(31.5.)
891,549 		837 min
13 h 57 min
(1.5.)
837,603 		65.0 %
563,303
Jun 668 min
11 h 8 min 		900 min
15 h 0 min
900,540 		903 min
15 h 3 min
(20.6.)
903,537 		892 min
14 h 52 min
(1.6.)
892,548 		74.2 %
668,232
Jul 749 min
12 h 29 min 		882 min
14 h 42 min
882,558 		900 min
14 h 60 min
(1.7.)
900,540 		858 min
14 h 18 min
(31.7.)
858,582 		84.9 %
749,133
Aug 681 min
11 h 21 min 		822 min
13 h 42 min
822,618 		856 min
14 h 16 min
(1.8.)
856,584 		786 min
13 h 6 min
(31.8.)
786,654 		82.8 %
681,141
Sep 514 min
8 h 34 min 		745 min
12 h 25 min
745,695 		783 min
13 h 3 min
(1.9.)
783,657 		707 min
11 h 47 min
(30.9.)
707,733 		69.0 %
514,231
Oct 394 min
6 h 34 min 		665 min
11 h 5 min
665,775 		704 min
11 h 44 min
(1.10.)
704,736 		628 min
10 h 28 min
(31.10.)
628,812 		59.2 %
394,271
Nov 282 min
4 h 42 min 		595 min
9 h 55 min
595,845 		625 min
10 h 25 min
(1.11.)
625,815 		570 min
9 h 30 min
(30.11.)
570,870 		47.4 %
282,313
Dec 259 min
4 h 19 min 		559 min
9 h 19 min
559,881 		569 min
9 h 29 min
(1.12.)
569,871 		556 min
9 h 16 min
(21.12.)
556,884 		46.3 %
259,300
Year 517 min
8 h 37 min 		731 min
12 h 11 min
731,709 		903 min
15 h 3 min
(19. 6.)
903,537 		556 min
9 h 16 min
(20. 12.)
556,884 		70.7 %
517,214



Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Sunlight/day Max Min Average Sunlight/day Max Min Average Sunlight/day Max Min Average Sunlight/day
(min/day) 563 418 498 62.7%
498,296 		749 668 699 80.6%
699,169 		514 282 397 59.3%
397,272 		382 259 315 53.2%
315,277
Day length 891 678 794 903 786 868 783 570 669 675 556 591

Day length
+

Max day length Min day length
Jan 578 min
9 h 38 min
578,862 		604 min
10 h 4 min
(Array.1.)
604,836 		559 min
9 h 19 min
(1.1.)
559,881
Feb 640 min
10 h 40 min
640,800 		675 min
11 h 15 min
(Array.2.)
675,765 		606 min
10 h 6 min
(1.2.)
606,834
Mar 718 min
11 h 58 min
718,722 		758 min
12 h 38 min
(Array.3.)
758,682 		678 min
11 h 18 min
(1.3.)
678,762
Apr 799 min
13 h 19 min
799,641 		834 min
13 h 54 min
(Array.4.)
834,606 		761 min
12 h 41 min
(1.4.)
761,679
May 866 min
14 h 26 min
866,574 		891 min
14 h 51 min
(Array.5.)
891,549 		837 min
13 h 57 min
(1.5.)
837,603
Jun 900 min
15 h 0 min
900,540 		903 min
15 h 3 min
(Array.6.)
903,537 		892 min
14 h 52 min
(1.6.)
892,548
Jul 882 min
14 h 42 min
882,558 		900 min
14 h 60 min
(Array.7.)
900,540 		858 min
14 h 18 min
(31.7.)
858,582
Aug 822 min
13 h 42 min
822,618 		856 min
14 h 16 min
(Array.8.)
856,584 		786 min
13 h 6 min
(31.8.)
786,654
Sep 745 min
12 h 25 min
745,695 		783 min
13 h 3 min
(Array.9.)
783,657 		707 min
11 h 47 min
(30.9.)
707,733
Oct 665 min
11 h 5 min
665,775 		704 min
11 h 44 min
(Array.10.)
704,736 		628 min
10 h 28 min
(31.10.)
628,812
Nov 595 min
9 h 55 min
595,845 		625 min
10 h 25 min
(Array.11.)
625,815 		570 min
9 h 30 min
(30.11.)
570,870
Dec 559 min
9 h 19 min
559,881 		569 min
9 h 29 min
(Array.12.)
569,871 		556 min
9 h 16 min
(21.12.)
556,884
Year 731 min
12 h 11 min
731,709 		903 min
15 h 3 min
(21. 6.)
903,537 		556 min
9 h 16 min
(22. 12.)
556,884



Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Max Min Average Max Min Average Max Min Average
Day length 891 678 794 903 786 868 783 570 669 675 556 591

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