Helsinki
Finland
60.17 ° N
24.62 ° E
167 ft
Boreal wet forest
Dfb Mild continental humid climate
+
DClo Temperate continental climate with mild summer with cold winter
Traditional Koppen classification: Dfb (Mild continental humid climate)

Official definition:
  • D – temperature of the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10 °C and temperature of the coldest month is less than or equal to -3 °C.
  • f – precipitation is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year.
  • b - temperature of each of the four warmest months is higher than 10°C, but the temperature of the warmest month is less than 22 °C

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found in the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10 °C, but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3 °C. In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

Just like the Dfa type, precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year. In comparison to the Dfa however, summer is slightly colder and the warmest month does not have average temperature above 22 °C. The highest summer temperatures are still usually between 30 and 35 °C, in the winter it drops to -10 to -35 °C.

Precipitation is higher in the summer, but the difference is not very large. Most of the precipitation in the summer occurs during thunderstorms and so quite often there are longer dry periods between them.

This Dfb category includes for example parts of Northern U.S. (for example Buffalo or Calgary), Southern part of Canada (for example Ottawa), Southern part of Russia (for example Vladivostok), Western part of Central Europe or Southern part of Scandinavia (for example Helsinki).


Modern Trewartha classification: DClo (Temperate continental climate with mild summer with cold winter)

In the Trewartha classification, the category D is like in the Koppen classification, assigned to regions in the temperate zone. The criterion for this type of climate is four to seven months with average temperature of more than 10 °C. In general it is further subdivided into two subtypes: oceanic and continental. These differ in their average temperature of the coldest month.

Temperate climate is characterized by four distinct seasons and there are substantial differences between the temperatures in the summer and in the winter, but the absolute values are not so extreme and the change is gradual.

The continental subtype is typical for regions located more inland and this also means the temperature variation is larger than that in case of the oceanic subtype. The coldest month has an average temperature of less than 0 °C. Summers are usually warmer, while winters colder with snow being quite common.

Continental D climate type can be found for example in parts of Northeast U.S., Central and Eastern Europe and usually these areas are quite densely inhabited.

  • mild summer: warmest month with average temperature between 10 and 18 °C
  • cold winter: coldest month with average temperature between -10 and 0 °C

Summary

41 °F
35 / 47
27.1 in
191 days
80 %
4 h 56 min/day


Temperature
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Min Temperature(°F) 16.016.019.030.039.048.055.054.046.037.030.023.0 35.0
Avg Temperature(°F) 21.020.026.037.048.057.064.061.053.042.034.027.0 41.0
Max Temperature (°F) 27.025.032.043.057.066.072.068.059.046.037.030.0 47.0
Range 11.09.013.013.018.018.017.014.013.09.07.07.0 12.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Min Temperature Jul Jan, Feb 39.0°F
Avg Temperature Jul Feb 44.0°F
Max Temperature Jul Feb 47.0°F
Temperature range May, Jun Nov, Dec 56.0°F
Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Min Temperature(°F)
Avg Temperature(°F)
Max Temperature(°F)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Min Temperature 39.0 19.0 29.33 20.0 55.0 48.0 52.33 7.0 46.0 30.0 37.67 16.0 23.0 16.0 18.33 7.0
Avg Temperature 48.0 26.0 37.00 22.0 64.0 57.0 60.67 7.0 53.0 34.0 43.00 19.0 27.0 20.0 22.67 7.0
Max Temperature 57.0 32.0 44.00 25.0 72.0 66.0 68.67 6.0 59.0 37.0 47.33 22.0 30.0 25.0 27.33 5.0

Temperature
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Temperature (°F) 21.020.026.037.048.057.064.061.053.042.034.027.0 41.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Avg Temperature Jul Feb 44.0°F
Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Temperature (°F)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Avg Temperature 48.0 26.0 37.00 22.0 64.0 57.0 60.67 7.0 53.0 34.0 43.00 19.0 27.0 20.0 22.67 7.0


Humidity
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Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Humidity (%) 89.088.078.075.064.064.070.077.085.089.089.091.0 41.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Avg Humidity Dec May, Jun 27.0%
Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Humidity (%)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Avg Humidity 78.0 64.0 72.33 14.0 77.0 64.0 70.33 13.0 89.0 85.0 87.67 4.0 91.0 88.0 89.33 3.0


Precipitation
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Month Monthly average Annual total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in) 2.21.71.41.71.62.02.72.82.82.92.72.6 2.3 27.1
Wetdays 201814131213141515181920 16 191
Wetdays ratio (%) 64.5
20,11		64.3
18,10		45.2
14,17		43.3
13,17		38.7
12,19		43.3
13,17		45.2
14,17		48.4
15,16		50.0
15,15		58.1
18,13		63.3
19,11		64.5
20,11		 52.3
52.3288,47.6712


Max month Min month Max Season Min Season Annual range
Average monthly precipitation Oct Mar Autumn Spring 1.5in
Wetdays Jan, Dec May Autumn Spring 8
Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in)
Wetdays / month


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total
Average monthly precipitation (in) 1.7 1.4 0.3 4.8 2.8 2.0 0.8 7.5 2.9 2.7 0.2 8.4 2.6 1.7 1.0 6.5
Wetdays 14 12 2 39 15 13 2 42 42 15 27 91 20 18 2 58

Precipitation
+

Month Monthly average Annual total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in) 2.21.71.41.71.62.02.72.82.82.92.72.6 2.3 27.1


Max month Min month Max Season Min Season Annual range
Average monthly precipitation Oct Mar Autumn Spring 1.5in
Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total
Average monthly precipitation (in) 1.7 1.4 0.3 4.8 2.8 2.0 0.8 7.5 2.9 2.7 0.2 8.4 2.6 1.7 1.0 6.5


Sunlight / Day length
+

Max day length Min day length Sunlight/Day length
Jan 65 min
1 h 5 min 		406 min
6 h 46 min
406,1034 		469 min
7 h 49 min
(31.1.)
469,971 		357 min
5 h 57 min
(1.1.)
357,1083 		16.0 %
65,341
Feb 133 min
2 h 13 min 		548 min
9 h 8 min
548,892 		623 min
10 h 23 min
(29.2.)
623,817 		474 min
7 h 54 min
(1.2.)
474,966 		24.3 %
133,415
Mar 261 min
4 h 21 min 		712 min
11 h 52 min
712,728 		794 min
13 h 14 min
(31.3.)
794,646 		629 min
10 h 29 min
(1.3.)
629,811 		36.7 %
261,451
Apr 368 min
6 h 8 min 		879 min
14 h 39 min
879,561 		957 min
15 h 57 min
(30.4.)
957,483 		800 min
13 h 20 min
(1.4.)
800,640 		41.9 %
368,511
May 522 min
8 h 42 min 		1034 min
17 h 14 min
1034,406 		1098 min
18 h 18 min
(31.5.)
1098,342 		962 min
16 h 2 min
(1.5.)
962,478 		50.5 %
522,512
Jun 588 min
9 h 48 min 		1125 min
18 h 45 min
1125,315 		1134 min
18 h 54 min
(20.6.)
1134,306 		1101 min
18 h 21 min
(1.6.)
1101,339 		52.3 %
588,537
Jul 570 min
9 h 30 min 		1076 min
17 h 56 min
1076,364 		1124 min
18 h 44 min
(1.7.)
1124,316 		1014 min
16 h 54 min
(31.7.)
1014,426 		53.0 %
570,506
Aug 485 min
8 h 5 min 		932 min
15 h 32 min
932,508 		1009 min
16 h 49 min
(1.8.)
1009,431 		852 min
14 h 12 min
(31.8.)
852,588 		52.1 %
485,447
Sep 304 min
5 h 4 min 		768 min
12 h 48 min
768,672 		847 min
14 h 7 min
(1.9.)
847,593 		690 min
11 h 30 min
(30.9.)
690,750 		39.6 %
304,464
Oct 147 min
2 h 27 min 		603 min
10 h 3 min
603,837 		684 min
11 h 24 min
(1.10.)
684,756 		523 min
8 h 43 min
(31.10.)
523,917 		24.4 %
147,456
Nov 60 min
1 h 0 min 		448 min
7 h 28 min
448,992 		518 min
8 h 38 min
(1.11.)
518,922 		386 min
6 h 26 min
(30.11.)
386,1054 		13.4 %
60,388