Marseille

	France
	43.43 ° N 5.22 ° E
	105 ft

Csa

Hot-summer Mediterranean climate

Csak

Subtropical climate with dry summer with hot summer with cool winter

Traditional Koppen classification: Csa (Hot-summer Mediterranean climate)

Official definition:

C – temperature of warmest month greater than or equal to 10 °C and temperature of coldest month less than 18 °C, but higher than -3 °C
s – precipitation in the driest month during the summer half year is less than 30 mm and less than one third of the precipitation in the month with highest precipitation in the winter half year.
a - temperature of the warmest month is higher than 22 °C

Cs climate type is characterized by a dry summer and wet winter. In the case of the Csa subtype, the summer tends to be very warm. The average temperature of the warmest month is above 22 °C. The wettest month in the winter usually has three times as much precipitation than the driest month in the summer, which usually has less than 30 mm of rainfall. Summers are therefore quite dry, with relatively little cloudiness and often longer periods with no rain at all. Winters on the other hand are wet and very rarely it snows as well.

Temperatures in the summer reach very high values between 30 and 40 °C. In the winter it is very unusual for the temperatures to fall below freezing point.

The continental Mediterranean climate (Csa) is sometimes also referred to as hot Mediterranean climate. The higher temperatures are the result of the fact that the places are usually deeper inland. The Csa subtype is more common than the other Cs climates and usually represents what most people imagine under the term “Mediterranean climate”.

It can be found for example around the Mediterranean sea in Europe, in Southwest Australia, Southwestern part of South Africa, some parts in Central Asia and in Northern California. Other places also include some microregions such as the Spanish capital Madrid, Italian Rome, American Los Angeles or Perth in Australia.

Modern Trewartha classification: Csak (Subtropical climate with dry summer with hot summer with cool winter)

Subtropical in the Koppen and Trewartha classification is defined as a region, where at least eight months has an average temperature of more than 10 °C, but the coldest month has an average temperature of less than 18 °C. The individual subtypes then differ in their annual precipitation distribution. In Trewartha classification there is a condition of maximum annual precipitation of 900 mm.

In general the subtropical climate is usually found in areas polewards from the tropical zones. It can also be found inside tropical zones at places with higher altitude. Typical are for example citrus trees or palm trees.

The Cs subtype in the Trewartha classification represents a subtropical climate with dry summer, sometimes referred to as the Mediterranean climate. It is characterized by hot and dry summers and mild winters, during which most of the precipitation is observed. High pressure is the dominating factor in the summer, when precipitation is very small and if there is some, it is usually in the form of very short, but intense thunderstorms. In the winter it can sometimes snow, especially at higher altitudes, but in general the winters are mild.

This climate type is most common in western coasts of continents in the middle latitudes, for example it includes areas on the West coast of the U.S. such as California, Southern Europe or Southwest tip of Australia.

hot summer: warmest month with average temperature between 23 and 28 °C
cool winter: coldest month with average temperature between 0 and 10 °C

Summary

58 °F
49 / 67

21.4 in
80 days

71 %

7 h 15 min/day

Temperature

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Min Temperature(°F)	36.0	36.0	41.0	46.0	52.0	59.0	63.0	63.0	59.0	50.0	43.0	37.0	49.0
Avg Temperature(°F)	43.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	62.0	69.0	73.0	73.0	68.0	59.0	51.0	45.0	58.0
Max Temperature (°F)	50.0	54.0	59.0	64.0	72.0	79.0	84.0	82.0	77.0	68.0	59.0	52.0	67.0
Range	14.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	20.0	20.0	21.0	19.0	18.0	18.0	16.0	15.0	18.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Min Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan, Feb	27.0°F
Avg Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan	30.0°F
Max Temperature	Jul	Jan	34.0°F
Temperature range	Jul	Jan	48.0°F

													Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Min Temperature(°F)
Avg Temperature(°F)
Max Temperature(°F)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Min Temperature	52.0	41.0	46.33	11.0	63.0	59.0	61.67	4.0	59.0	43.0	50.67	16.0	37.0	36.0	36.33	1.0
Avg Temperature	62.0	50.0	55.67	12.0	73.0	69.0	71.67	4.0	68.0	51.0	59.33	17.0	45.0	43.0	44.33	2.0
Max Temperature	72.0	59.0	65.00	13.0	84.0	79.0	81.67	5.0	77.0	59.0	68.00	18.0	54.0	50.0	52.00	4.0

Temperature

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Temperature (°F)	43.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	62.0	69.0	73.0	73.0	68.0	59.0	51.0	45.0	58.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Avg Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan	30.0°F

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Temperature (°F)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Avg Temperature	62.0	50.0	55.67	12.0	73.0	69.0	71.67	4.0	68.0	51.0	59.33	17.0	45.0	43.0	44.33	2.0

Humidity

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Humidity (%)	78.0	73.0	71.0	67.0	68.0	65.0	61.0	64.0	71.0	76.0	79.0	79.0	58.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Avg Humidity	Nov, Dec	Jul	18.0%

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Humidity (%)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Avg Humidity	71.0	67.0	68.67	4.0	65.0	61.0	63.33	4.0	79.0	71.0	75.33	8.0	79.0	73.0	76.67	6.0

Precipitation

	Month												Monthly average	Annual total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Monthly average	Annual total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	1.9	2.1	1.7	1.9	1.7	1.1	0.6	1.1	1.9	3.1	2.3	2.2	1.8	21.4
Wetdays	8	6	7	7	8	4	2	5	6	8	9	10	7	80
Wetdays ratio (%)	25.8 8,23	21.4 6,22	22.6 7,24	23.3 7,23	25.8 8,23	13.3 4,26	6.5 2,29	16.1 5,26	20.0 6,24	25.8 8,23	30.0 9,21	32.3 10,21	21.9 21.9178,78.0822

	Max month	Min month	Max Season	Min Season	Annual range
Average monthly precipitation	Oct	Jul	Autumn	Summer	2.5in
Wetdays	Dec	Jul	Autumn	Summer	8

	Month
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Average monthly precipitation (in)
Wetdays / month

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	1.9	1.7	0.2	5.3	1.1	0.6	0.6	2.8	3.1	1.9	1.2	7.2	2.2	1.9	0.4	6.2
Wetdays	8	7	1	22	5	2	3	11	59	6	53	116	10	6	4	24

Precipitation

	Month												Monthly average	Annual total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Monthly average	Annual total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	1.9	2.1	1.7	1.9	1.7	1.1	0.6	1.1	1.9	3.1	2.3	2.2	1.8	21.4

	Max month	Min month	Max Season	Min Season	Annual range
Average monthly precipitation	Oct	Jul	Autumn	Summer	2.5in

	Month
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Average monthly precipitation (in)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	1.9	1.7	0.2	5.3	1.1	0.6	0.6	2.8	3.1	1.9	1.2	7.2	2.2	1.9	0.4	6.2

Sunlight / Day length

			Max day length	Min day length	Sunlight/Day length
Jan	253 min 4 h 13 min	562 min 9 h 22 min 562,878	591 min 9 h 51 min (31.1.) 591,849	540 min 9 h 0 min (1.1.) 540,900	45.1 % 253,309
Feb	327 min 5 h 27 min	630 min 10 h 30 min 630,810	670 min 11 h 10 min (29.2.) 670,770	593 min 9 h 53 min (1.2.) 593,847	51.9 % 327,303
Mar	369 min 6 h 9 min	717 min 11 h 57 min 717,723	762 min 12 h 42 min (31.3.) 762,678	673 min 11 h 13 min (1.3.) 673,767	51.4 % 369,348
Apr	470 min 7 h 50 min	807 min 13 h 27 min 807,633	847 min 14 h 7 min (30.4.) 847,593	765 min 12 h 45 min (1.4.) 765,675	58.3 % 470,337
May	538 min 8 h 58 min	882 min 14 h 42 min 882,558	910 min 15 h 10 min (31.5.) 910,530	849 min 14 h 9 min (1.5.) 849,591	61.0 % 538,344
Jun	612 min 10 h 12 min	921 min 15 h 21 min 921,519	924 min 15 h 24 min (20.6.) 924,516	911 min 15 h 11 min (1.6.) 911,529	66.5 % 612,309
Jul	683 min 11 h 23 min	900 min 15 h 0 min 900,540	920 min 15 h 20 min (1.7.) 920,520	873 min 14 h 33 min (31.7.) 873,567	75.9 % 683,217
Aug	603 min 10 h 3 min	833 min 13 h 53 min 833,607	871 min 14 h 31 min (1.8.) 871,569	793 min 13 h 13 min (31.8.) 793,647	72.4 % 603,230
Sep	494 min 8 h 14 min	748 min 12 h 28 min 748,692	790 min 13 h 10 min (1.9.) 790,650	705 min 11 h 45 min (30.9.) 705,735	66.1 % 494,254
Oct	365 min 6 h 5 min	659 min 10 h 59 min 659,781	702 min 11 h 42 min (1.10.) 702,738	617 min 10 h 17 min (31.10.) 617,823	55.4 % 365,294
Nov	280 min 4 h 40 min	581 min 9 h 41 min 581,859	614 min 10 h 14 min (1.11.) 614,826	552 min 9 h 12 min (30.11.) 552,888	48.2 % 280,301
Dec	228 min 3 h 48 min	540 min 9 h 0 min 540,900	551 min 9 h 11 min (1.12.) 551,889	536 min 8 h 56 min (21.12.) 536,904	42.2 % 228,312
Year	471 min 7 h 51 min	732 min 12 h 12 min 732,708	924 min 15 h 24 min (19. 6.) 924,516	536 min 8 h 56 min (20. 12.) 536,904	64.4 % 471,260

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day
(min/day)	538	369	459	57.2% 459,343	683	603	633	71.5% 633,252	494	280	380	57.3% 380,283	327	228	269	46.7% 269,307
Day length	910	673	802	57.2% 459,343	924	793	884	71.5% 633,252	790	552	662	57.3% 380,283	670	536	576	46.7% 269,307

Day length

		Max day length	Min day length
Jan	562 min 9 h 22 min 562,878	591 min 9 h 51 min (Array.1.) 591,849	540 min 9 h 0 min (1.1.) 540,900
Feb	630 min 10 h 30 min 630,810	670 min 11 h 10 min (Array.2.) 670,770	593 min 9 h 53 min (1.2.) 593,847
Mar	717 min 11 h 57 min 717,723	762 min 12 h 42 min (Array.3.) 762,678	673 min 11 h 13 min (1.3.) 673,767
Apr	807 min 13 h 27 min 807,633	847 min 14 h 7 min (Array.4.) 847,593	765 min 12 h 45 min (1.4.) 765,675
May	882 min 14 h 42 min 882,558	910 min 15 h 10 min (Array.5.) 910,530	849 min 14 h 9 min (1.5.) 849,591
Jun	921 min 15 h 21 min 921,519	924 min 15 h 24 min (Array.6.) 924,516	911 min 15 h 11 min (1.6.) 911,529
Jul	900 min 15 h 0 min 900,540	920 min 15 h 20 min (Array.7.) 920,520	873 min 14 h 33 min (31.7.) 873,567
Aug	833 min 13 h 53 min 833,607	871 min 14 h 31 min (Array.8.) 871,569	793 min 13 h 13 min (31.8.) 793,647
Sep	748 min 12 h 28 min 748,692	790 min 13 h 10 min (Array.9.) 790,650	705 min 11 h 45 min (30.9.) 705,735
Oct	659 min 10 h 59 min 659,781	702 min 11 h 42 min (Array.10.) 702,738	617 min 10 h 17 min (31.10.) 617,823
Nov	581 min 9 h 41 min 581,859	614 min 10 h 14 min (Array.11.) 614,826	552 min 9 h 12 min (30.11.) 552,888
Dec	540 min 9 h 0 min 540,900	551 min 9 h 11 min (Array.12.) 551,889	536 min 8 h 56 min (21.12.) 536,904
Year	732 min 12 h 12 min 732,708	924 min 15 h 24 min (21. 6.) 924,516	536 min 8 h 56 min (22. 12.) 536,904

	Mar, Apr, May			Jun, Jul, Aug			Sep, Oct, Nov			Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average
Day length	910	673	802	924	793	884	790	552	662	670	536	576

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