Bologna
Italy
44.53 ° N
11.30 ° E
121 ft
Warm temperate dry forest
Cfa Humid subtropical climate
+
DOak Temperate oceanic climate with hot summer with cool winter
Traditional Koppen classification: Cfa (Humid subtropical climate)

Official definition:
  • C – temperature of warmest month greater than or equal to 10 °C and temperature of coldest month less than 18 °C, but higher than -3 °C
  • f – precipitation is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year and do not fulfill classification criteria for s or w type
  • a - temperature of warmest month above 22 °C

The Cfa climate type is typical for areas on the Eastern coasts of continents, mostly between 20th and 30th latitude. The average temperature of the warmest month is higher than 22 °C and the temperature throughout the year range from usually -3 to 18 °C. In the winter, however, in some cases it can be well below freezing point.

Precipitation is relatively evenly distributed during the entire year. Humidity tends to be higher during the summer half year, when the conditions resemble the humid tropical climate. The total annual rainfall can be quite variable, most commonly between 650 and 2500 mm. Thunderstorms during the summer are frequent.

Cfa climate type can be found for example in the Southeastern USA, Northern part of Argentina, Uruguay and Southern part of Brazil, Southern Japan and South of China.


Modern Trewartha classification: DOak (Temperate oceanic climate with hot summer with cool winter)

In the Trewartha classification, the category D is like in the Koppen classification, assigned to regions in the temperate zone. The criterion for this type of climate is four to seven months with average temperature of more than 10 °C. In general it is further subdivided into two subtypes: oceanic and continental. These differ in their average temperature of the coldest month.

Temperate climate is characterized by four distinct seasons and there are substantial differences between the temperatures in the summer and in the winter, but the absolute values are not so extreme and the change is gradual.

In case of the oceanic type, winter is milder than that of the continental type and the temperature of the coldest month usually above 0 °C. The weather conditions are to a large extent influenced by the nearby ocean, which causes smaller temperature variation between the individual seasons. Typical is Western wind and so we often find this type of climate on Western coasts of continents, such as for example in Western Europe or Western coast of the U.S., in latitudes between 40 and 60 ° in America and 40 and 65 ° in Europe. These regions tend to be densely inhabited.

  • hot summer: warmest month with average temperature between 23 and 28 °C
  • cool winter: coldest month with average temperature between 0 and 10 °C

Summary

56 °F
47 / 64
27.9 in
74 %


Temperature
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Min Temperature(°F) 29.033.039.046.053.060.065.064.059.050.040.031.0 47.0
Avg Temperature(°F) 35.040.048.055.063.070.075.074.068.058.046.037.0 56.0
Max Temperature (°F) 41.047.056.064.073.080.086.085.078.066.052.043.0 64.0
Range 12.014.017.018.020.020.021.021.019.016.012.012.0 17.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Min Temperature Jul Jan 36.0°F
Avg Temperature Jul Jan 40.0°F
Max Temperature Jul Jan 45.0°F
Temperature range Jul, Aug Jan, Nov, Dec 57.0°F
Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Min Temperature(°F)
Avg Temperature(°F)
Max Temperature(°F)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Min Temperature 53.0 39.0 46.00 14.0 65.0 60.0 63.00 5.0 59.0 40.0 49.67 19.0 33.0 29.0 31.00 4.0
Avg Temperature 63.0 48.0 55.33 15.0 75.0 70.0 73.00 5.0 68.0 46.0 57.33 22.0 40.0 35.0 37.33 5.0
Max Temperature 73.0 56.0 64.33 17.0 86.0 80.0 83.67 6.0 78.0 52.0 65.33 26.0 47.0 41.0 43.67 6.0

Temperature
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Temperature (°F) 35.040.048.055.063.070.075.074.068.058.046.037.0 56.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Avg Temperature Jul Jan 40.0°F
Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Temperature (°F)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Avg Temperature 63.0 48.0 55.33 15.0 75.0 70.0 73.00 5.0 68.0 46.0 57.33 22.0 40.0 35.0 37.33 5.0


Humidity
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Humidity (%) 83.078.070.071.069.068.065.066.069.076.084.084.0 56.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Avg Humidity Nov, Dec Jul 19.0%
Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Humidity (%)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Avg Humidity 71.0 69.0 70.00 2.0 68.0 65.0 66.33 3.0 84.0 69.0 76.33 15.0 84.0 78.0 81.67 6.0


Precipitation
+

Month Monthly average Annual total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in) 1.71.82.42.62.62.11.72.32.42.83.22.4 2.3 27.9
Wetdays -9999-9999-9999-9999-9999-9999-9999-9999-9999-9999-9999-9999 -9999 -119988
Wetdays ratio (%) -32254.8
-9999,10030		-35710.7
-9999,10027		-32254.8
-9999,10030		-33330.0
-9999,10029		-32254.8
-9999,10030		-33330.0
-9999,10029		-32254.8
-9999,10030		-32254.8
-9999,10030		-33330.0
-9999,10029		-32254.8
-9999,10030		-33330.0
-9999,10029		-32254.8
-9999,10030		 -32873.4
-32873.4,32973.4


Max month Min month Max Season Min Season Annual range
Average monthly precipitation Nov Jan, Jul Autumn Winter 1.5in
Wetdays 0, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec 0, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec Autumn Spring, Summer, Winter 0
Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in)
Wetdays / month


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total
Average monthly precipitation (in) 2.6 2.4 0.3 7.6 2.3 1.7 0.6 6.1 3.2 2.4 0.8 8.4 2.4 1.7 0.7 5.9
Wetdays -9999 -9999 0 -29997 -9999 -9999 0 -29997 58 -9999 10057 -9895 -9999 -9999 0 -29997

Precipitation
+

Month Monthly average Annual total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in) 1.71.82.42.62.62.11.72.32.42.83.22.4 2.3 27.9


Max month Min month Max Season Min Season Annual range
Average monthly precipitation Nov Jan, Jul Autumn Winter 1.5in
Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total
Average monthly precipitation (in) 2.6 2.4 0.3 7.6 2.3 1.7 0.6 6.1 3.2 2.4 0.8 8.4 2.4 1.7 0.7 5.9


Sunlight / Day length
+

Max day length Min day length Sunlight/Day length
Jan -9999 min
-167 h 21 min 		555 min
9 h 15 min
555,885 		585 min
9 h 45 min
(31.1.)
585,855 		533 min
8 h 53 min
(1.1.)
533,907 		-1802.3 %
-9999,10554
Feb -9999 min
-167 h 21 min 		627 min
10 h 27 min
627,813 		668 min
11 h 8 min
(29.2.)
668,772 		588 min
9 h 48 min
(1.2.)
588,852 		-1595.9 %
-9999,10626
Mar -9999 min
-167 h 21 min 		717 min
11 h 57 min
717,723 		764 min
12 h 44 min
(31.3.)
764,676 		671 min
11 h 11 min
(1.3.)
671,769 		-1394.4 %
-9999,10716
Apr -9999 min
-167 h 21 min 		810 min
13 h 30 min
810,630 		851 min
14 h 11 min
(30.4.)
851,589 		767 min
12 h 47 min
(1.4.)
767,673 		-1234.6 %
-9999,10809
May -9999 min
-167 h 21 min 		889 min
14 h 49 min
889,551 		918 min
15 h 18 min
(31.5.)
918,522 		854 min
14 h 14 min
(1.5.)
854,586 		-1124.9 %
-9999,10888
Jun -9999 min
-167 h 21 min 		929 min
15 h 29 min
929,511 		932 min
15 h 32 min
(20.6.)
932,508 		919 min
15 h 19 min
(1.6.)
919,521 		-1076.6 %
-9999,10928
Jul -9999 min
-167 h 21 min 		908 min
15 h 8 min
908,532 		928 min
15 h 28 min
(1.7.)
928,512 		880 min
14 h 40 min
(31.7.)
880,560 		-1101.5 %
-9999,10907
Aug -9999 min
-167 h 21 min 		838 min
13 h 58 min
838,602 		877 min
14 h 37 min
(1.8.)
877,563 		796 min
13 h 16 min
(31.8.)
796,644 		-1193.6 %
-9999,10837
Sep -9999 min
-167 h 21 min 		749 min
12 h 29 min
749,691 		793 min
13 h 13 min
(1.9.)
793,647 		704 min
11 h 44 min
(30.9.)
704,736 		-1335.5 %
-9999,10748
Oct -9999 min
-167 h 21 min 		656 min
10 h 56 min
656,784 		701 min
11 h 41 min
(1.10.)
701,739 		613 min
10 h 13 min
(31.10.)
613,827 		-1523.4 %
-9999,10655
Nov -9999 min
-167 h 21 min 		575 min
9 h 35 min
575,865 		610 min
10 h 10 min
(1.11.)
610,830 		545 min
9 h 5 min
(30.11.)
545,895 		-1739.5 %
-9999,10574
Dec -9999 min
-167 h 21 min 		532 min
8 h 52 min
532,908 		544 min
9 h 4 min
(1.12.)
544,896 		528 min
8 h 48 min
(21.12.)
528,912 		-1877.8 %
-9999,10531
Year -10832 min
-181 h 28 min 		732 min
12 h 12 min
732,708 		932 min
15 h 32 min
(19. 6.)
932,508 		528 min
8 h 48 min
(20. 12.)
528,912 		-1479.4 %
-10832,11564



Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Sunlight/day Max Min Average Sunlight/day Max Min Average Sunlight/day Max Min Average Sunlight/day
(min/day) -9999 -9999 -9999 -1241.8%
-9999,10804 		-9999 -9999 -9999 -1122.2%
-9999,10890 		-9999 -9999 -9,999 -1515.2%
-9999,10659 		-9999 -9999 -9999 -1754.0%
-9999,10569
Day length 918 671 805 932 796 891 793 545 660 668 528 570

Day length
+

Max day length Min day length
Jan 555 min
9 h 15 min
555,885 		585 min
9 h 45 min
(Array.1.)
585,855 		533 min
8 h 53 min
(1.1.)
533,907
Feb 627 min
10 h 27 min
627,813 		668 min
11 h 8 min
(Array.2.)
668,772 		588 min
9 h 48 min
(1.2.)
588,852
Mar 717 min
11 h 57 min
717,723 		764 min
12 h 44 min
(Array.3.)
764,676 		671 min
11 h 11 min
(1.3.)
671,769
Apr 810 min
13 h 30 min
810,630 		851 min
14 h 11 min
(Array.4.)
851,589 		767 min
12 h 47 min
(1.4.)
767,673
May 889 min
14 h 49 min
889,551 		918 min
15 h 18 min
(Array.5.)
918,522 		854 min
14 h 14 min
(1.5.)
854,586
Jun 929 min
15 h 29 min
929,511 		932 min
15 h 32 min
(Array.6.)
932,508 		919 min
15 h 19 min
(1.6.)
919,521
Jul 908 min
15 h 8 min
908,532 		928 min
15 h 28 min
(Array.7.)
928,512 		880 min
14 h 40 min
(31.7.)
880,560
Aug 838 min
13 h 58 min
838,602 		877 min
14 h 37 min
(Array.8.)
877,563 		796 min
13 h 16 min
(31.8.)
796,644
Sep 749 min
12 h 29 min
749,691 		793 min
13 h 13 min
(Array.9.)
793,647 		704 min
11 h 44 min
(30.9.)
704,736
Oct 656 min
10 h 56 min
656,784 		701 min
11 h 41 min
(Array.10.)
701,739 		613 min
10 h 13 min
(31.10.)
613,827
Nov 575 min
9 h 35 min
575,865 		610 min
10 h 10 min
(Array.11.)
610,830 		545 min
9 h 5 min
(30.11.)
545,895
Dec 532 min
8 h 52 min
532,908 		544 min
9 h 4 min
(Array.12.)
544,896 		528 min
8 h 48 min
(21.12.)
528,912
Year 732 min
12 h 12 min
732,708 		932 min
15 h 32 min
(21. 6.)
932,508 		528 min
8 h 48 min
(22. 12.)
528,912



Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Max Min Average Max Min Average Max Min Average
Day length 918 671 805 932 796 891 793 545 660 668 528 570

Units






Units

Language