Barcelona

	Spain
	41.30 ° N 2.07 ° E
	16 ft

Csa

Hot-summer Mediterranean climate

Csak

Subtropical climate with dry summer with hot summer with cool winter

Traditional Koppen classification: Csa (Hot-summer Mediterranean climate)

Official definition:

C – temperature of warmest month greater than or equal to 10 °C and temperature of coldest month less than 18 °C, but higher than -3 °C
s – precipitation in the driest month during the summer half year is less than 30 mm and less than one third of the precipitation in the month with highest precipitation in the winter half year.
a - temperature of the warmest month is higher than 22 °C

Cs climate type is characterized by a dry summer and wet winter. In the case of the Csa subtype, the summer tends to be very warm. The average temperature of the warmest month is above 22 °C. The wettest month in the winter usually has three times as much precipitation than the driest month in the summer, which usually has less than 30 mm of rainfall. Summers are therefore quite dry, with relatively little cloudiness and often longer periods with no rain at all. Winters on the other hand are wet and very rarely it snows as well.

Temperatures in the summer reach very high values between 30 and 40 °C. In the winter it is very unusual for the temperatures to fall below freezing point.

The continental Mediterranean climate (Csa) is sometimes also referred to as hot Mediterranean climate. The higher temperatures are the result of the fact that the places are usually deeper inland. The Csa subtype is more common than the other Cs climates and usually represents what most people imagine under the term “Mediterranean climate”.

It can be found for example around the Mediterranean sea in Europe, in Southwest Australia, Southwestern part of South Africa, some parts in Central Asia and in Northern California. Other places also include some microregions such as the Spanish capital Madrid, Italian Rome, American Los Angeles or Perth in Australia.

Modern Trewartha classification: Csak (Subtropical climate with dry summer with hot summer with cool winter)

Subtropical in the Koppen and Trewartha classification is defined as a region, where at least eight months has an average temperature of more than 10 °C, but the coldest month has an average temperature of less than 18 °C. The individual subtypes then differ in their annual precipitation distribution. In Trewartha classification there is a condition of maximum annual precipitation of 900 mm.

In general the subtropical climate is usually found in areas polewards from the tropical zones. It can also be found inside tropical zones at places with higher altitude. Typical are for example citrus trees or palm trees.

The Cs subtype in the Trewartha classification represents a subtropical climate with dry summer, sometimes referred to as the Mediterranean climate. It is characterized by hot and dry summers and mild winters, during which most of the precipitation is observed. High pressure is the dominating factor in the summer, when precipitation is very small and if there is some, it is usually in the form of very short, but intense thunderstorms. In the winter it can sometimes snow, especially at higher altitudes, but in general the winters are mild.

This climate type is most common in western coasts of continents in the middle latitudes, for example it includes areas on the West coast of the U.S. such as California, Southern Europe or Southwest tip of Australia.

hot summer: warmest month with average temperature between 23 and 28 °C
cool winter: coldest month with average temperature between 0 and 10 °C

Summary

60 °F
56 / 68

26.0 in
78 days

70 %

6 h 40 min/day

Temperature

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Min Temperature(°F)	43.0	45.0	48.0	52.0	57.0	64.0	70.0	70.0	66.0	59.0	52.0	45.0	56.0
Avg Temperature(°F)	48.0	49.0	52.0	55.0	61.0	67.0	73.0	73.0	70.0	63.0	55.0	49.0	60.0
Max Temperature (°F)	55.0	57.0	61.0	64.0	72.0	77.0	82.0	82.0	77.0	70.0	61.0	55.0	68.0
Range	12.0	12.0	13.0	12.0	15.0	13.0	12.0	12.0	11.0	11.0	9.0	10.0	12.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Min Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan	27.0°F
Avg Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan	25.0°F
Max Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan, Dec	27.0°F
Temperature range	May	Nov	39.0°F

													Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Min Temperature(°F)
Avg Temperature(°F)
Max Temperature(°F)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Min Temperature	57.0	48.0	52.33	9.0	70.0	64.0	68.00	6.0	66.0	52.0	59.00	14.0	45.0	43.0	44.33	2.0
Avg Temperature	61.0	52.0	56.00	9.0	73.0	67.0	71.00	6.0	70.0	55.0	62.67	15.0	49.0	48.0	48.67	1.0
Max Temperature	72.0	61.0	65.67	11.0	82.0	77.0	80.33	5.0	77.0	61.0	69.33	16.0	57.0	55.0	55.67	2.0

Temperature

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Temperature (°F)	48.0	49.0	52.0	55.0	61.0	67.0	73.0	73.0	70.0	63.0	55.0	49.0	60.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Avg Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan	25.0°F

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Temperature (°F)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Avg Temperature	61.0	52.0	56.00	9.0	73.0	67.0	71.00	6.0	70.0	55.0	62.67	15.0	49.0	48.0	48.67	1.0

Humidity

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Humidity (%)	69.0	66.0	73.0	69.0	68.0	67.0	67.0	72.0	74.0	74.0	72.0	70.0	60.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Avg Humidity	Sep, Oct	Feb	8.0%

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Humidity (%)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Avg Humidity	73.0	68.0	70.00	5.0	72.0	67.0	68.67	5.0	74.0	72.0	73.33	2.0	70.0	66.0	68.33	4.0

Precipitation

	Month												Monthly average	Annual total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Monthly average	Annual total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	1.7	1.4	1.9	2.0	2.2	1.5	0.9	2.6	3.1	3.7	2.9	2.0	2.2	26.0
Wetdays	5	5	8	8	8	6	4	6	8	9	5	6	7	78
Wetdays ratio (%)	16.1 5,26	17.9 5,23	25.8 8,23	26.7 8,22	25.8 8,23	20.0 6,24	12.9 4,27	19.4 6,25	26.7 8,22	29.0 9,22	16.7 5,25	19.4 6,25	21.4 21.3699,78.6301

	Max month	Min month	Max Season	Min Season	Annual range
Average monthly precipitation	Oct	Jul	Autumn	Summer	2.8in
Wetdays	Oct	Jul	Autumn	Summer, Winter	5

	Month
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Average monthly precipitation (in)
Wetdays / month

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	2.2	1.9	0.4	6.1	2.6	0.9	1.7	5.0	3.7	2.9	0.8	9.7	2.0	1.4	0.6	5.1
Wetdays	8	8	0	24	6	4	2	16	63	8	55	126	6	5	1	16

Precipitation

	Month												Monthly average	Annual total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Monthly average	Annual total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	1.7	1.4	1.9	2.0	2.2	1.5	0.9	2.6	3.1	3.7	2.9	2.0	2.2	26.0

	Max month	Min month	Max Season	Min Season	Annual range
Average monthly precipitation	Oct	Jul	Autumn	Summer	2.8in

	Month
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Average monthly precipitation (in)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	2.2	1.9	0.4	6.1	2.6	0.9	1.7	5.0	3.7	2.9	0.8	9.7	2.0	1.4	0.6	5.1

Sunlight / Day length

			Max day length	Min day length	Sunlight/Day length
Jan	282 min 4 h 42 min	574 min 9 h 34 min 574,866	601 min 10 h 1 min (31.1.) 601,839	554 min 9 h 14 min (1.1.) 554,886	49.1 % 282,292
Feb	348 min 5 h 48 min	637 min 10 h 37 min 637,803	674 min 11 h 14 min (29.2.) 674,766	603 min 10 h 3 min (1.2.) 603,837	54.6 % 348,289
Mar	336 min 5 h 36 min	718 min 11 h 58 min 718,722	759 min 12 h 39 min (31.3.) 759,681	677 min 11 h 17 min (1.3.) 677,763	46.8 % 336,382
Apr	426 min 7 h 6 min	801 min 13 h 21 min 801,639	838 min 13 h 58 min (30.4.) 838,602	762 min 12 h 42 min (1.4.) 762,678	53.2 % 426,375
May	487 min 8 h 7 min	871 min 14 h 31 min 871,569	896 min 14 h 56 min (31.5.) 896,544	840 min 13 h 60 min (1.5.) 840,600	55.9 % 487,384
Jun	556 min 9 h 16 min	906 min 15 h 6 min 906,534	909 min 15 h 9 min (20.6.) 909,531	897 min 14 h 57 min (1.6.) 897,543	61.4 % 556,350
Jul	605 min 10 h 5 min	887 min 14 h 47 min 887,553	905 min 15 h 5 min (1.7.) 905,535	862 min 14 h 22 min (31.7.) 862,578	68.2 % 605,282
Aug	462 min 7 h 42 min	825 min 13 h 45 min 825,615	860 min 14 h 20 min (1.8.) 860,580	788 min 13 h 8 min (31.8.) 788,652	56.0 % 462,363
Sep	404 min 6 h 44 min	746 min 12 h 26 min 746,694	785 min 13 h 5 min (1.9.) 785,655	707 min 11 h 47 min (30.9.) 707,733	54.2 % 404,342
Oct	336 min 5 h 36 min	664 min 11 h 4 min 664,776	704 min 11 h 44 min (1.10.) 704,736	625 min 10 h 25 min (31.10.) 625,815	50.6 % 336,328
Nov	300 min 5 h 0 min	591 min 9 h 51 min 591,849	622 min 10 h 22 min (1.11.) 622,818	565 min 9 h 25 min (30.11.) 565,875	50.7 % 300,291
Dec	255 min 4 h 15 min	554 min 9 h 14 min 554,886	564 min 9 h 24 min (1.12.) 564,876	551 min 9 h 11 min (21.12.) 551,889	46.0 % 255,299
Year	433 min 7 h 13 min	731 min 12 h 11 min 731,709	909 min 15 h 9 min (19. 6.) 909,531	551 min 9 h 11 min (20. 12.) 551,889	59.2 % 433,298

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day
(min/day)	487	336	416	52.3% 416,380	605	462	541	62.0% 541,331	404	300	347	52.0% 347,320	348	255	295	50.2% 295,292
Day length	896	677	796	52.3% 416,380	909	788	872	62.0% 541,331	785	565	667	52.0% 347,320	674	551	587	50.2% 295,292

Day length

		Max day length	Min day length
Jan	574 min 9 h 34 min 574,866	601 min 10 h 1 min (Array.1.) 601,839	554 min 9 h 14 min (1.1.) 554,886
Feb	637 min 10 h 37 min 637,803	674 min 11 h 14 min (Array.2.) 674,766	603 min 10 h 3 min (1.2.) 603,837
Mar	718 min 11 h 58 min 718,722	759 min 12 h 39 min (Array.3.) 759,681	677 min 11 h 17 min (1.3.) 677,763
Apr	801 min 13 h 21 min 801,639	838 min 13 h 58 min (Array.4.) 838,602	762 min 12 h 42 min (1.4.) 762,678
May	871 min 14 h 31 min 871,569	896 min 14 h 56 min (Array.5.) 896,544	840 min 13 h 60 min (1.5.) 840,600
Jun	906 min 15 h 6 min 906,534	909 min 15 h 9 min (Array.6.) 909,531	897 min 14 h 57 min (1.6.) 897,543
Jul	887 min 14 h 47 min 887,553	905 min 15 h 5 min (Array.7.) 905,535	862 min 14 h 22 min (31.7.) 862,578
Aug	825 min 13 h 45 min 825,615	860 min 14 h 20 min (Array.8.) 860,580	788 min 13 h 8 min (31.8.) 788,652
Sep	746 min 12 h 26 min 746,694	785 min 13 h 5 min (Array.9.) 785,655	707 min 11 h 47 min (30.9.) 707,733
Oct	664 min 11 h 4 min 664,776	704 min 11 h 44 min (Array.10.) 704,736	625 min 10 h 25 min (31.10.) 625,815
Nov	591 min 9 h 51 min 591,849	622 min 10 h 22 min (Array.11.) 622,818	565 min 9 h 25 min (30.11.) 565,875
Dec	554 min 9 h 14 min 554,886	564 min 9 h 24 min (Array.12.) 564,876	551 min 9 h 11 min (21.12.) 551,889
Year	731 min 12 h 11 min 731,709	909 min 15 h 9 min (21. 6.) 909,531	551 min 9 h 11 min (22. 12.) 551,889

	Mar, Apr, May			Jun, Jul, Aug			Sep, Oct, Nov			Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average
Day length	896	677	796	909	788	872	785	565	667	674	551	587

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