Palermo

	Sicily, Italy
	38.12 ° N 13.32 ° E
	344 ft

Csa

Hot-summer Mediterranean climate

Csal

Subtropical climate with dry summer with hot summer with mild winter

Traditional Koppen classification: Csa (Hot-summer Mediterranean climate)

Official definition:

C – temperature of warmest month greater than or equal to 10 °C and temperature of coldest month less than 18 °C, but higher than -3 °C
s – precipitation in the driest month during the summer half year is less than 30 mm and less than one third of the precipitation in the month with highest precipitation in the winter half year.
a - temperature of the warmest month is higher than 22 °C

Cs climate type is characterized by a dry summer and wet winter. In the case of the Csa subtype, the summer tends to be very warm. The average temperature of the warmest month is above 22 °C. The wettest month in the winter usually has three times as much precipitation than the driest month in the summer, which usually has less than 30 mm of rainfall. Summers are therefore quite dry, with relatively little cloudiness and often longer periods with no rain at all. Winters on the other hand are wet and very rarely it snows as well.

Temperatures in the summer reach very high values between 30 and 40 °C. In the winter it is very unusual for the temperatures to fall below freezing point.

The continental Mediterranean climate (Csa) is sometimes also referred to as hot Mediterranean climate. The higher temperatures are the result of the fact that the places are usually deeper inland. The Csa subtype is more common than the other Cs climates and usually represents what most people imagine under the term “Mediterranean climate”.

It can be found for example around the Mediterranean sea in Europe, in Southwest Australia, Southwestern part of South Africa, some parts in Central Asia and in Northern California. Other places also include some microregions such as the Spanish capital Madrid, Italian Rome, American Los Angeles or Perth in Australia.

Modern Trewartha classification: Csal (Subtropical climate with dry summer with hot summer with mild winter)

Subtropical in the Koppen and Trewartha classification is defined as a region, where at least eight months has an average temperature of more than 10 °C, but the coldest month has an average temperature of less than 18 °C. The individual subtypes then differ in their annual precipitation distribution. In Trewartha classification there is a condition of maximum annual precipitation of 900 mm.

In general the subtropical climate is usually found in areas polewards from the tropical zones. It can also be found inside tropical zones at places with higher altitude. Typical are for example citrus trees or palm trees.

The Cs subtype in the Trewartha classification represents a subtropical climate with dry summer, sometimes referred to as the Mediterranean climate. It is characterized by hot and dry summers and mild winters, during which most of the precipitation is observed. High pressure is the dominating factor in the summer, when precipitation is very small and if there is some, it is usually in the form of very short, but intense thunderstorms. In the winter it can sometimes snow, especially at higher altitudes, but in general the winters are mild.

This climate type is most common in western coasts of continents in the middle latitudes, for example it includes areas on the West coast of the U.S. such as California, Southern Europe or Southwest tip of Australia.

hot summer: warmest month with average temperature between 23 and 28 °C
mild winter: coldest month with average temperature between 10 and 18 °C

Summary

64 °F
56 / 72

29.2 in
113 days

69 %

Temperature

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Min Temperature(°F)	43.0	43.0	48.0	54.0	57.0	64.0	68.0	68.0	66.0	61.0	55.0	48.0	56.0
Avg Temperature(°F)	50.0	51.0	55.0	61.0	66.0	73.0	77.0	77.0	74.0	68.0	63.0	55.0	64.0
Max Temperature (°F)	57.0	59.0	63.0	68.0	75.0	82.0	86.0	86.0	82.0	75.0	70.0	61.0	72.0
Range	14.0	16.0	15.0	14.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	16.0	14.0	15.0	13.0	16.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Min Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan, Feb	25.0°F
Avg Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan	27.0°F
Max Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan	29.0°F
Temperature range	May, Jun, Jul, Aug	Dec	43.0°F

													Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Min Temperature(°F)
Avg Temperature(°F)
Max Temperature(°F)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Min Temperature	57.0	48.0	53.00	9.0	68.0	64.0	66.67	4.0	66.0	55.0	60.67	11.0	48.0	43.0	44.67	5.0
Avg Temperature	66.0	55.0	60.67	11.0	77.0	73.0	75.67	4.0	74.0	63.0	68.33	11.0	55.0	50.0	52.00	5.0
Max Temperature	75.0	63.0	68.67	12.0	86.0	82.0	84.67	4.0	82.0	70.0	75.67	12.0	61.0	57.0	59.00	4.0

Temperature

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Temperature (°F)	50.0	51.0	55.0	61.0	66.0	73.0	77.0	77.0	74.0	68.0	63.0	55.0	64.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Avg Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan	27.0°F

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Temperature (°F)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Avg Temperature	66.0	55.0	60.67	11.0	77.0	73.0	75.67	4.0	74.0	63.0	68.33	11.0	55.0	50.0	52.00	5.0

Humidity

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Humidity (%)	75.0	72.0	68.0	68.0	67.0	65.0	63.0	63.0	67.0	71.0	73.0	76.0	64.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Avg Humidity	Dec	Jul, Aug	13.0%

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Humidity (%)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Avg Humidity	68.0	67.0	67.67	1.0	65.0	63.0	63.67	2.0	73.0	67.0	70.33	6.0	76.0	72.0	74.33	4.0

Precipitation

	Month												Monthly average	Annual total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Monthly average	Annual total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	3.9	3.3	2.8	2.6	1.3	0.6	0.3	0.6	1.5	3.9	3.9	4.5	2.4	29.2
Wetdays	15	14	12	11	7	4	2	2	6	12	13	15	9	113
Wetdays ratio (%)	48.4 15,16	50.0 14,14	38.7 12,19	36.7 11,19	22.6 7,24	13.3 4,26	6.5 2,29	6.5 2,29	20.0 6,24	38.7 12,19	43.3 13,17	48.4 15,16	31.0 30.9589,69.0411

	Max month	Min month	Max Season	Min Season	Annual range
Average monthly precipitation	Dec	Jul	Winter	Summer	4.2in
Wetdays	Jan, Dec	Jul, Aug	Autumn	Summer	13

	Month
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Average monthly precipitation (in)
Wetdays / month

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	2.8	1.3	1.4	6.7	0.6	0.3	0.3	1.5	3.9	1.5	2.4	9.2	4.5	3.3	1.2	11.7
Wetdays	12	7	5	30	4	2	2	8	68	6	62	137	15	14	1	44

Precipitation

	Month												Monthly average	Annual total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Monthly average	Annual total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	3.9	3.3	2.8	2.6	1.3	0.6	0.3	0.6	1.5	3.9	3.9	4.5	2.4	29.2

	Max month	Min month	Max Season	Min Season	Annual range
Average monthly precipitation	Dec	Jul	Winter	Summer	4.2in

	Month
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Average monthly precipitation (in)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	2.8	1.3	1.4	6.7	0.6	0.3	0.3	1.5	3.9	1.5	2.4	9.2	4.5	3.3	1.2	11.7

Sunlight / Day length

			Max day length	Min day length	Sunlight/Day length
Jan	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	590 min 9 h 50 min 590,850	614 min 10 h 14 min (31.1.) 614,826	573 min 9 h 33 min (1.1.) 573,867	-1693.6 % -9999,10589
Feb	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	647 min 10 h 47 min 647,793	679 min 11 h 19 min (29.2.) 679,761	616 min 10 h 16 min (1.2.) 616,824	-1546.3 % -9999,10646
Mar	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	719 min 11 h 59 min 719,721	756 min 12 h 36 min (31.3.) 756,684	682 min 11 h 22 min (1.3.) 682,758	-1391.5 % -9999,10718
Apr	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	792 min 13 h 12 min 792,648	825 min 13 h 45 min (30.4.) 825,615	758 min 12 h 38 min (1.4.) 758,682	-1261.8 % -9999,10791
May	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	854 min 14 h 14 min 854,586	877 min 14 h 37 min (31.5.) 877,563	827 min 13 h 47 min (1.5.) 827,613	-1170.2 % -9999,10853
Jun	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	885 min 14 h 45 min 885,555	888 min 14 h 48 min (20.6.) 888,552	878 min 14 h 38 min (1.6.) 878,562	-1129.4 % -9999,10884
Jul	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	869 min 14 h 29 min 869,571	885 min 14 h 45 min (1.7.) 885,555	847 min 14 h 7 min (31.7.) 847,593	-1150.4 % -9999,10868
Aug	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	814 min 13 h 34 min 814,626	845 min 14 h 5 min (1.8.) 845,595	781 min 13 h 1 min (31.8.) 781,659	-1227.7 % -9999,10813
Sep	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	744 min 12 h 24 min 744,696	779 min 12 h 59 min (1.9.) 779,661	709 min 11 h 49 min (30.9.) 709,731	-1344.3 % -9999,10743
Oct	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	670 min 11 h 10 min 670,770	706 min 11 h 46 min (1.10.) 706,734	636 min 10 h 36 min (31.10.) 636,804	-1491.7 % -9999,10669
Nov	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	606 min 10 h 6 min 606,834	634 min 10 h 34 min (1.11.) 634,806	583 min 9 h 43 min (30.11.) 583,857	-1649.9 % -9999,10605
Dec	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	573 min 9 h 33 min 573,867	582 min 9 h 42 min (1.12.) 582,858	570 min 9 h 30 min (21.12.) 570,870	-1744.6 % -9999,10572
Year	-10832 min -181 h 28 min	731 min 12 h 11 min 731,709	888 min 14 h 48 min (19. 6.) 888,552	570 min 9 h 30 min (20. 12.) 570,870	-1482.7 % -10832,11563

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day
(min/day)	-9999	-9999	-9999	-1268.2% -9999,10787	-9999	-9999	-9999	-1168.1% -9999,10855	-9999	-9999	-9,999	-1485.0% -9999,10672	-9999	-9999	-9999	-1659.7% -9999,10601
Day length	877	682	788	-1268.2% -9999,10787	888	781	856	-1168.1% -9999,10855	779	583	673	-1485.0% -9999,10672	679	570	602	-1659.7% -9999,10601

Day length

		Max day length	Min day length
Jan	590 min 9 h 50 min 590,850	614 min 10 h 14 min (Array.1.) 614,826	573 min 9 h 33 min (1.1.) 573,867
Feb	647 min 10 h 47 min 647,793	679 min 11 h 19 min (Array.2.) 679,761	616 min 10 h 16 min (1.2.) 616,824
Mar	719 min 11 h 59 min 719,721	756 min 12 h 36 min (Array.3.) 756,684	682 min 11 h 22 min (1.3.) 682,758
Apr	792 min 13 h 12 min 792,648	825 min 13 h 45 min (Array.4.) 825,615	758 min 12 h 38 min (1.4.) 758,682
May	854 min 14 h 14 min 854,586	877 min 14 h 37 min (Array.5.) 877,563	827 min 13 h 47 min (1.5.) 827,613
Jun	885 min 14 h 45 min 885,555	888 min 14 h 48 min (Array.6.) 888,552	878 min 14 h 38 min (1.6.) 878,562
Jul	869 min 14 h 29 min 869,571	885 min 14 h 45 min (Array.7.) 885,555	847 min 14 h 7 min (31.7.) 847,593
Aug	814 min 13 h 34 min 814,626	845 min 14 h 5 min (Array.8.) 845,595	781 min 13 h 1 min (31.8.) 781,659
Sep	744 min 12 h 24 min 744,696	779 min 12 h 59 min (Array.9.) 779,661	709 min 11 h 49 min (30.9.) 709,731
Oct	670 min 11 h 10 min 670,770	706 min 11 h 46 min (Array.10.) 706,734	636 min 10 h 36 min (31.10.) 636,804
Nov	606 min 10 h 6 min 606,834	634 min 10 h 34 min (Array.11.) 634,806	583 min 9 h 43 min (30.11.) 583,857
Dec	573 min 9 h 33 min 573,867	582 min 9 h 42 min (Array.12.) 582,858	570 min 9 h 30 min (21.12.) 570,870
Year	731 min 12 h 11 min 731,709	888 min 14 h 48 min (21. 6.) 888,552	570 min 9 h 30 min (22. 12.) 570,870

	Mar, Apr, May			Jun, Jul, Aug			Sep, Oct, Nov			Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average
Day length	877	682	788	888	781	856	779	583	673	679	570	602

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