Florence
Tuscany, Italy
43.82 ° N
11.20 ° E
125 ft
Cool temperate moist forest
Cfa Humid subtropical climate
+
Cfak Subtropical climate with evenly distributed precipitation with hot summer with cool winter
Traditional Koppen classification: Cfa (Humid subtropical climate)

Official definition:
  • C – temperature of warmest month greater than or equal to 10 °C and temperature of coldest month less than 18 °C, but higher than -3 °C
  • f – precipitation is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year and do not fulfill classification criteria for s or w type
  • a - temperature of warmest month above 22 °C

The Cfa climate type is typical for areas on the Eastern coasts of continents, mostly between 20th and 30th latitude. The average temperature of the warmest month is higher than 22 °C and the temperature throughout the year range from usually -3 to 18 °C. In the winter, however, in some cases it can be well below freezing point.

Precipitation is relatively evenly distributed during the entire year. Humidity tends to be higher during the summer half year, when the conditions resemble the humid tropical climate. The total annual rainfall can be quite variable, most commonly between 650 and 2500 mm. Thunderstorms during the summer are frequent.

Cfa climate type can be found for example in the Southeastern USA, Northern part of Argentina, Uruguay and Southern part of Brazil, Southern Japan and South of China.


Modern Trewartha classification: Cfak (Subtropical climate with evenly distributed precipitation with hot summer with cool winter)

Subtropical in the Koppen and Trewartha classification is defined as a region, where at least eight months has an average temperature of more than 10 °C, but the coldest month has an average temperature of less than 18 °C. The individual subtypes then differ in their annual precipitation distribution. In Trewartha classification there is a condition of maximum annual precipitation of 900 mm.

In general the subtropical climate is usually found in areas polewards from the tropical zones. It can also be found inside tropical zones at places with higher altitude. Typical are for example citrus trees or palm trees.

The Cf subtype is characterized by precipitation evenly distributed throughout the year.

It can be found for example in Eastern part of South America, in large areas in Southeast U.S., Northern Italy, the Southwest tip of Russia, in Southeast Asia, some parts of Japan or East coast of Australia.

  • hot summer: warmest month with average temperature between 23 and 28 °C
  • cool winter: coldest month with average temperature between 0 and 10 °C

Summary

58 °F
48 / 68
35.9 in
88 days
70 %
6 h 48 min/day


Temperature
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Min Temperature(°F) 35.037.041.046.052.058.063.063.058.050.042.036.0 48.0
Avg Temperature(°F) 42.045.050.056.063.070.076.075.069.060.050.044.0 58.0
Max Temperature (°F) 50.054.059.066.074.081.088.087.080.070.059.051.0 68.0
Range 15.017.018.020.022.023.025.024.022.020.017.015.0 20.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Min Temperature Jul, Aug Jan 28.0°F
Avg Temperature Jul Jan 34.0°F
Max Temperature Jul Jan 38.0°F
Temperature range Jul Jan, Dec 53.0°F
Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Min Temperature(°F)
Avg Temperature(°F)
Max Temperature(°F)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Min Temperature 52.0 41.0 46.33 11.0 63.0 58.0 61.33 5.0 58.0 42.0 50.00 16.0 37.0 35.0 36.00 2.0
Avg Temperature 63.0 50.0 56.33 13.0 76.0 70.0 73.67 6.0 69.0 50.0 59.67 19.0 45.0 42.0 43.67 3.0
Max Temperature 74.0 59.0 66.33 15.0 88.0 81.0 85.33 7.0 80.0 59.0 69.67 21.0 54.0 50.0 51.67 4.0

Temperature
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Temperature (°F) 42.045.050.056.063.070.076.075.069.060.050.044.0 58.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Avg Temperature Jul Jan 34.0°F
Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Temperature (°F)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Avg Temperature 63.0 50.0 56.33 13.0 76.0 70.0 73.67 6.0 69.0 50.0 59.67 19.0 45.0 42.0 43.67 3.0


Humidity
+

Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Humidity (%) 76.070.066.068.068.068.065.066.069.073.076.078.0 58.0


Max month Min month Annual range
Avg Humidity Dec Jul 13.0%
Month Average
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Avg Humidity (%)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range Max Min Average Range
Avg Humidity 68.0 66.0 67.33 2.0 68.0 65.0 66.33 3.0 76.0 69.0 72.67 7.0 78.0 70.0 74.67 8.0


Precipitation
+

Month Monthly average Annual total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in) 2.92.73.23.12.92.21.63.03.13.54.43.6 3.0 35.9
Wetdays 88888734681010 7 88
Wetdays ratio (%) 25.8
8,23		28.6
8,20		25.8
8,23		26.7
8,22		25.8
8,23		23.3
7,23		9.7
3,28		12.9
4,27		20.0
6,24		25.8
8,23		33.3
10,20		32.3
10,21		 24.1
24.1096,75.8904


Max month Min month Max Season Min Season Annual range
Average monthly precipitation Nov Jul Autumn Summer 2.8in
Wetdays Nov, Dec Jul Autumn Summer 7
Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in)
Wetdays / month


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total
Average monthly precipitation (in) 3.2 2.9 0.3 9.1 3.0 1.6 1.4 6.7 4.4 3.1 1.3 10.9 3.6 2.7 0.9 9.2
Wetdays 8 8 0 24 7 3 4 14 60 6 54 116 10 8 2 26

Precipitation
+

Month Monthly average Annual total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in) 2.92.73.23.12.92.21.63.03.13.54.43.6 3.0 35.9


Max month Min month Max Season Min Season Annual range
Average monthly precipitation Nov Jul Autumn Summer 2.8in
Month
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Average monthly precipitation (in)


Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total Max Min Range Total
Average monthly precipitation (in) 3.2 2.9 0.3 9.1 3.0 1.6 1.4 6.7 4.4 3.1 1.3 10.9 3.6 2.7 0.9 9.2


Sunlight / Day length
+

Max day length Min day length Sunlight/Day length
Jan 259 min
4 h 19 min 		559 min
9 h 19 min
559,881 		589 min
9 h 49 min
(31.1.)
589,851 		538 min
8 h 58 min
(1.1.)
538,902 		46.3 %
259,300
Feb 284 min
4 h 44 min 		629 min
10 h 29 min
629,811 		669 min
11 h 9 min
(29.2.)
669,771 		591 min
9 h 51 min
(1.2.)
591,849 		45.2 %
284,345
Mar 296 min
4 h 56 min 		717 min
11 h 57 min
717,723 		763 min
12 h 43 min
(31.3.)
763,677 		672 min
11 h 12 min
(1.3.)
672,768 		41.3 %
296,421
Apr 410 min
6 h 50 min 		808 min
13 h 28 min
808,632 		848 min
14 h 8 min
(30.4.)
848,592 		766 min
12 h 46 min
(1.4.)
766,674 		50.8 %
410,398
May 580 min
9 h 40 min 		885 min
14 h 45 min
885,555 		913 min
15 h 13 min
(31.5.)
913,527 		851 min
14 h 11 min
(1.5.)
851,589 		65.6 %
580,305
Jun 610 min
10 h 10 min 		923 min
15 h 23 min
923,517 		927 min
15 h 27 min
(20.6.)
927,513 		914 min
15 h 14 min
(1.6.)
914,526 		66.1 %
610,313
Jul 669 min
11 h 9 min 		903 min
15 h 3 min
903,537 		923 min
15 h 23 min
(1.7.)
923,517 		876 min
14 h 36 min
(31.7.)
876,564 		74.1 %
669,234
Aug 623 min
10 h 23 min 		835 min
13 h 55 min
835,605 		873 min
14 h 33 min
(1.8.)
873,567 		794 min
13 h 14 min
(31.8.)
794,646 		74.6 %
623,212
Sep 438 min
7 h 18 min 		748 min
12 h 28 min
748,692 		791 min
13 h 11 min
(1.9.)
791,649 		705 min
11 h 45 min
(30.9.)
705,735 		58.5 %
438,310
Oct 342 min
5 h 42 min 		658 min
10 h 58 min
658,782 		702 min
11 h 42 min
(1.10.)
702,738 		616 min
10 h 16 min
(31.10.)
616,824 		52.0 %
342,316
Nov 194 min
3 h 14 min 		579 min
9 h 39 min
579,861 		613 min
10 h 13 min
(1.11.)
613,827 		550 min
9 h 10 min
(30.11.)
550,890 		33.5 %
194,385
Dec 185 min
3 h 5 min 		538 min
8 h 58 min
538,902 		548 min
9 h 8 min
(1.12.)
548,892 		534 min
8 h 54 min
(21.12.)
534,906 		34.4 %
185,353
Year 442 min
7 h 22 min 		732 min
12 h 12 min
732,708 		927 min
15 h 27 min
(19. 6.)
927,513 		534 min
8 h 54 min
(20. 12.)
534,906 		60.3 %
442,290



Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Sunlight/day Max Min Average Sunlight/day Max Min Average Sunlight/day Max Min Average Sunlight/day
(min/day) 580 296 429 53.4%
429,374 		669 610 634 71.5%
634,253 		438 194 325 49.1%
325,337 		284 185 243 42.3%
243,331
Day length 913 672 803 927 794 887 791 550 662 669 534 574

Day length
+

Max day length Min day length
Jan 559 min
9 h 19 min
559,881 		589 min
9 h 49 min
(Array.1.)
589,851 		538 min
8 h 58 min
(1.1.)
538,902
Feb 629 min
10 h 29 min
629,811 		669 min
11 h 9 min
(Array.2.)
669,771 		591 min
9 h 51 min
(1.2.)
591,849
Mar 717 min
11 h 57 min
717,723 		763 min
12 h 43 min
(Array.3.)
763,677 		672 min
11 h 12 min
(1.3.)
672,768
Apr 808 min
13 h 28 min
808,632 		848 min
14 h 8 min
(Array.4.)
848,592 		766 min
12 h 46 min
(1.4.)
766,674
May 885 min
14 h 45 min
885,555 		913 min
15 h 13 min
(Array.5.)
913,527 		851 min
14 h 11 min
(1.5.)
851,589
Jun 923 min
15 h 23 min
923,517 		927 min
15 h 27 min
(Array.6.)
927,513 		914 min
15 h 14 min
(1.6.)
914,526
Jul 903 min
15 h 3 min
903,537 		923 min
15 h 23 min
(Array.7.)
923,517 		876 min
14 h 36 min
(31.7.)
876,564
Aug 835 min
13 h 55 min
835,605 		873 min
14 h 33 min
(Array.8.)
873,567 		794 min
13 h 14 min
(31.8.)
794,646
Sep 748 min
12 h 28 min
748,692 		791 min
13 h 11 min
(Array.9.)
791,649 		705 min
11 h 45 min
(30.9.)
705,735
Oct 658 min
10 h 58 min
658,782 		702 min
11 h 42 min
(Array.10.)
702,738 		616 min
10 h 16 min
(31.10.)
616,824
Nov 579 min
9 h 39 min
579,861 		613 min
10 h 13 min
(Array.11.)
613,827 		550 min
9 h 10 min
(30.11.)
550,890
Dec 538 min
8 h 58 min
538,902 		548 min
9 h 8 min
(Array.12.)
548,892 		534 min
8 h 54 min
(21.12.)
534,906
Year 732 min
12 h 12 min
732,708 		927 min
15 h 27 min
(21. 6.)
927,513 		534 min
8 h 54 min
(22. 12.)
534,906



Mar, Apr, May
Jun, Jul, Aug
Sep, Oct, Nov
Dec, Jan, Feb
Max Min Average Max Min Average Max Min Average Max Min Average
Day length 913 672 803 927 794 887 791 550 662 669 534 574

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